General
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTERS AND SOCIETY

COMPUTERS AND SOCIETY
type: Class
subclass of: Computing Milieux

Checkpoint/restart
type: Class
subclass of: Reliability

Reliability
type: Class
subclass of: OPERATING SYSTEMS

Firmware support of operating systems/instruction sets
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Microcode Applications

Microcode Applications
type: Class
subclass of: CONTROL STRUCTURES AND MICROPROGRAMMING

Hardware
type: Class
subclass of: PERSONAL COMPUTING

PERSONAL COMPUTING
type: Class
subclass of: Computing Milieux

CONTROL STRUCTURES AND MICROPROGRAMMING
type: Class
subclass of: Hardware

Hardware
type: Class
subclass of: ACMCCS98

Language Classifications
type: Class
subclass of: PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

Document Preparation
type: Class
subclass of: DOCUMENT AND TEXT PROCESSING

DOCUMENT AND TEXT PROCESSING
type: Class
subclass of: Computing Methodologies

Language acquisition
type: Class
subclass of: Learning

Learning
type: Class
subclass of: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Military
type: Class
subclass of: ADMINISTRATIVE DATA PROCESSING

ADMINISTRATIVE DATA PROCESSING
type: Class
subclass of: Computer Applications

Data translation
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Heterogeneous Databases

Heterogeneous Databases
type: Class
subclass of: DATABASE MANAGEMENT

Fractals
type: Class
subclass of: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism

Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTER GRAPHICS

Formal models
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Performance Analysis and Design Aids

Performance Analysis and Design Aids
type: Class
subclass of: INPUT/OUTPUT AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Polynomials, methods for
type: Class
subclass of: Roots of Nonlinear Equations

Roots of Nonlinear Equations
type: Class
subclass of: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

Distributed networks
type: Class
subclass of: Network Architecture and Design

Network Architecture and Design
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

Authentication
type: Class
subclass of: Security and Protection

Security and Protection
type: Class
subclass of: OPERATING SYSTEMS

Natural language
type: Class
subclass of: User Interfaces

User Interfaces
type: Class
subclass of: INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (e.g., HCI)

Read-only memory (ROM)
type: Class
subclass of: Semiconductor Memories

Semiconductor Memories
type: Class
subclass of: MEMORY STRUCTURES

Backup/recovery
type: Class
subclass of: FILES

FILES
type: Class
subclass of: Data

Bitmap and framebuffer operations
type: Class
subclass of: Picture/Image Generation

Picture/Image Generation
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTER GRAPHICS

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: THE COMPUTING PROFESSION

THE COMPUTING PROFESSION
type: Class
subclass of: Computing Milieux

Distributed systems
type: Class
subclass of: Organization and Design

Organization and Design
type: Class
subclass of: OPERATING SYSTEMS

Elicitation methods (e.g., rapid prototyping, interviews, JAD)
type: Class
subclass of: Requirements/Specifications

Requirements/Specifications
type: Class
subclass of: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Assertions
type: Class
subclass of: Specifying and Verifying and Reasoning about Programs

Specifying and Verifying and Reasoning about Programs
type: Class
subclass of: LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS

Grammar types (e.g., context-free, context-sensitive)
type: Class
subclass of: Grammars and Other Rewriting Systems

Grammars and Other Rewriting Systems
type: Class
subclass of: MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND FORMAL LANGUAGES

Error-checking
type: Class
subclass of: Reliability and Testing
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Reliability and Testing
type: Class
subclass of: INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Geometric correction
type: Class
subclass of: Enhancement

Enhancement
type: Class
subclass of: IMAGE PROCESSING AND COMPUTER VISION

Indexing methods
type: Class
subclass of: Content Analysis and Indexing

Content Analysis and Indexing
type: Class
subclass of: INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL

Constructive solid geometry (CSG)
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Computational Geometry and Object Modeling

Computational Geometry and Object Modeling
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTER GRAPHICS

Multiple precision arithmetic
type: Class
subclass of: General

General
type: Class
subclass of: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

Software support
type: Class
subclass of: Graphics Utilities

Graphics Utilities
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTER GRAPHICS

Freeware/shareware
type: Class
subclass of: Application Packages

Application Packages
type: Class
subclass of: PERSONAL COMPUTING

Database Applications
type: Class
subclass of: DATABASE MANAGEMENT

DATABASE MANAGEMENT
type: Class
subclass of: Information Systems

Conditioning
type: Class
subclass of: Numerical Linear Algebra

Numerical Linear Algebra
type: Class
subclass of: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

Shared memory
type: Class
subclass of: Design Styles

Design Styles
type: Class
subclass of: MEMORY STRUCTURES

Series expansion methods
type: Class
subclass of: Reconstruction

Reconstruction
type: Class
subclass of: IMAGE PROCESSING AND COMPUTER VISION

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
type: Class
subclass of: Software

Algorithms
type: Class
subclass of: SYMBOLIC AND ALGEBRAIC MANIPULATION

Numerical Algorithms and Problems
type: Class
subclass of: ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS AND PROBLEM COMPLEXITY

SYMBOLIC AND ALGEBRAIC MANIPULATION
type: Class
subclass of: Computing Methodologies

Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems
type: Class
subclass of: ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS AND PROBLEM COMPLEXITY

General
type: Class
subclass of: THE COMPUTING PROFESSION

Security kernels
type: Class
subclass of: Security and Protection
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Signal analysis, synthesis, and processing
type: Class
subclass of: Sound and Music Computing

Sound and Music Computing
type: Class
subclass of: INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (e.g., HCI)

Biology and genetics
type: Class
subclass of: LIFE AND MEDICAL SCIENCES

LIFE AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
type: Class
subclass of: Computer Applications

Tables
type: Class
subclass of: DATA STRUCTURES
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

DATA STRUCTURES
type: Class
subclass of: Data

Error analysis
type: Class
subclass of: Ordinary Differential Equations

Ordinary Differential Equations
type: Class
subclass of: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

Input/output
type: Class
subclass of: Language Constructs and Features

Language Constructs and Features
type: Class
subclass of: PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

Voice
type: Class
subclass of: Input/Output Devices

Input/Output Devices
type: Class
subclass of: INPUT/OUTPUT AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS

General
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTER SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

COMPUTER SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
type: Class
subclass of: Computer Systems Organization

General literary works (e.g., fiction, plays)
type: Class
subclass of: GENERAL

GENERAL
type: Class
subclass of: General Literature

Distributed data structures
type: Class
subclass of: DATA STRUCTURES

DATA ENCRYPTION
type: Class
subclass of: Data

Data
type: Class
subclass of: ACMCCS98

Error handling and recovery
type: Class
subclass of: Testing and Debugging

Testing and Debugging
type: Class
subclass of: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Linear systems (direct and iterative methods)
type: Class
subclass of: Numerical Linear Algebra

Deduction (e.g., natural, rule-based)
type: Class
subclass of: Deduction and Theorem Proving

Deduction and Theorem Proving
type: Class
subclass of: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURES
type: Class
subclass of: Computer Systems Organization

Computer Systems Organization
type: Class
subclass of: ACMCCS98

Copyrights
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Management

Management
type: Class
subclass of: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Multi/mixed media
type: Class
subclass of: Document Preparation

People
type: Class
subclass of: HISTORY OF COMPUTING

HISTORY OF COMPUTING
type: Class
subclass of: Computing Milieux

Fast Fourier transforms (FFT)
type: Class
subclass of: Approximation

Approximation
type: Class
subclass of: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

Top-down programming
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Design Tools and Techniques

Design Tools and Techniques
type: Class
subclass of: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Design languages
type: Class
subclass of: Language Classifications

Software/Program Verification
type: Class
subclass of: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
type: Class
subclass of: Software

Auditory (non-speech) feedback
type: Class
subclass of: User Interfaces

COMPUTERS AND EDUCATION
type: Class
subclass of: Computing Milieux

Computing Milieux
type: Class
subclass of: ACMCCS98

Fine arts
type: Class
subclass of: ARTS AND HUMANITIES

ARTS AND HUMANITIES
type: Class
subclass of: Computer Applications

Projections
type: Class
subclass of: Feature Measurement

Feature Measurement
type: Class
subclass of: IMAGE PROCESSING AND COMPUTER VISION

Systems
type: Class
subclass of: DATABASE MANAGEMENT

Statistical methods
type: Class
subclass of: Software/Program Verification

Cellular architecture (e.g., mobile)
type: Class
subclass of: Other Architecture Styles

Other Architecture Styles
type: Class
subclass of: PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURES

Staffing
type: Class
subclass of: Project and People Management

Project and People Management
type: Class
subclass of: MANAGEMENT OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Physical structures (e.g., backplanes, cables, chip carriers)
type: Class
subclass of: Interconnections (Subsystems)
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Interconnections (Subsystems)
type: Class
subclass of: INPUT/OUTPUT AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS

Software science
type: Class
subclass of: Metrics
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Metrics
type: Class
subclass of: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Simulation
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Performance Analysis and Design Aids

Performance Analysis and Design Aids
type: Class
subclass of: ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC STRUCTURES
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Professional Ethics
type: Class
subclass of: THE COMPUTING PROFESSION

Message sending
type: Class
subclass of: Communications Management

Communications Management
type: Class
subclass of: OPERATING SYSTEMS

Semantic networks
type: Class
subclass of: Knowledge Representation Formalisms and Methods

Knowledge Representation Formalisms and Methods
type: Class
subclass of: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Monte Carlo
type: Class
subclass of: Types of Simulation

Types of Simulation
type: Class
subclass of: SIMULATION AND MODELING

Classifier design and evaluation
type: Class
subclass of: Design Methodology

Design Methodology
type: Class
subclass of: PATTERN RECOGNITION

Training
type: Class
subclass of: Project and People Management

Security and Protection
type: Class
subclass of: MANAGEMENT OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Social Issues
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTERS AND SOCIETY

MANAGEMENT OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS
type: Class
subclass of: Computing Milieux

LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS
type: Class
subclass of: Theory of Computation

Theory of Computation
type: Class
subclass of: ACMCCS98

Programmer workbench
type: Class
subclass of: Design Tools and Techniques
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Contracts
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Miscellaneous

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: LEGAL ASPECTS OF COMPUTING

Distribution functions
type: Class
subclass of: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
type: Class
subclass of: Mathematics of Computing

Optical character recognition (OCR)
type: Class
subclass of: Document Capture

Document Capture
type: Class
subclass of: DOCUMENT AND TEXT PROCESSING

Deterministic
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Models

Models
type: Class
subclass of: PATTERN RECOGNITION

MISCELLANEOUS
type: Class
subclass of: Data

Logic and constraint programming
type: Class
subclass of: Mathematical Logic

Mathematical Logic
type: Class
subclass of: MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND FORMAL LANGUAGES

Version control
type: Class
subclass of: Distribution, Maintenance, and Enhancement

Distribution, Maintenance, and Enhancement
type: Class
subclass of: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Combinational logic
type: Class
subclass of: Design Styles

Design Styles
type: Class
subclass of: LOGIC DESIGN

Games
type: Class
subclass of: General

General
type: Class
subclass of: PERSONAL COMPUTING

Patents
type: Class
subclass of: Hardware/Software Protection

Hardware/Software Protection
type: Class
subclass of: LEGAL ASPECTS OF COMPUTING

Structural
type: Class
subclass of: Models

COMPUTER GRAPHICS
type: Class
subclass of: Computing Methodologies

Software
type: Class
subclass of: ACMCCS98

Pretty printers
type: Class
subclass of: Coding Tools and Techniques

Coding Tools and Techniques
type: Class
subclass of: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Testability
type: Class
subclass of: Reliability and Testing
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Reliability and Testing
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: LOGIC DESIGN

Electronics
type: Class
subclass of: PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING

PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING
type: Class
subclass of: Computer Applications

Finite difference methods
type: Class
subclass of: Quadrature and Numerical Differentiation

Quadrature and Numerical Differentiation
type: Class
subclass of: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

Search process
type: Class
subclass of: Information Search and Retrieval

Information Search and Retrieval
type: Class
subclass of: INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL

Diagnostics
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance

Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: INPUT/OUTPUT AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
type: Class
subclass of: Mathematics of Computing

Regulation
type: Class
subclass of: Public Policy Issues

Public Policy Issues
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTERS AND SOCIETY

General
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTERS AND EDUCATION

Interactive systems
type: Class
subclass of: Implementation

Implementation
type: Class
subclass of: PATTERN RECOGNITION

Software maintenance
type: Class
subclass of: Software Management

Software Management
type: Class
subclass of: MANAGEMENT OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Error-checking
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance

Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance
type: Class
subclass of: MEMORY STRUCTURES
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Systems specification methodology
type: Class
subclass of: GENERAL

GENERAL
type: Class
subclass of: Computer Systems Organization

Automatic Programming
type: Class
subclass of: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
type: Class
subclass of: Computing Methodologies

Automatic Programming
type: Class
subclass of: PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES

Computer-supported cooperative work
type: Class
subclass of: Group and Organization Interfaces

Group and Organization Interfaces
type: Class
subclass of: INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (e.g., HCI)

Enhancement
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Distribution, Maintenance, and Enhancement

Workflow management
type: Class
subclass of: Office Automation

Office Automation
type: Class
subclass of: INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS

Process control
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTERS IN OTHER SYSTEMS

COMPUTERS IN OTHER SYSTEMS
type: Class
subclass of: Computer Applications

Computer science education
type: Class
subclass of: Computer and Information Science Education

Computer and Information Science Education
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTERS AND EDUCATION

Transmitters
type: Class
subclass of: Data Communications Devices
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Data Communications Devices
type: Class
subclass of: INPUT/OUTPUT AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS

Trees
type: Class
subclass of: Graph Theory

Graph Theory
type: Class
subclass of: DISCRETE MATHEMATICS

Representation
type: Class
subclass of: Design
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Design
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

General
type: Class
subclass of: PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY

PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY
type: Class
subclass of: Hardware

Archaeology
type: Class
subclass of: PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING

Thue systems
type: Class
subclass of: Grammars and Other Rewriting Systems

Spelling
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Document and Text Editing

Document and Text Editing
type: Class
subclass of: DOCUMENT AND TEXT PROCESSING

Program synthesis
type: Class
subclass of: Automatic Programming

Design management
type: Class
subclass of: MISCELLANEOUS

MISCELLANEOUS
type: Class
subclass of: Hardware

Control Structure Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: CONTROL STRUCTURES AND MICROPROGRAMMING

Benchmarks
type: Class
subclass of: Installation Management

Installation Management
type: Class
subclass of: MANAGEMENT OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Government
type: Class
subclass of: ADMINISTRATIVE DATA PROCESSING

Environments
type: Class
subclass of: Simulation Support Systems

Simulation Support Systems
type: Class
subclass of: SIMULATION AND MODELING

Morphological
type: Class
subclass of: Image Representation

Image Representation
type: Class
subclass of: IMAGE PROCESSING AND COMPUTER VISION

Single Data Stream Architectures
type: Class
subclass of: PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURES

Built-in tests
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Reliability and Testing

Client/server
type: Class
subclass of: Distributed Systems

Distributed Systems
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

Deadlocks
type: Class
subclass of: Process Management

Process Management
type: Class
subclass of: OPERATING SYSTEMS

Type structure
type: Class
subclass of: Studies of Program Constructs

Studies of Program Constructs
type: Class
subclass of: LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS

REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL IMPLEMENTATION
type: Class
subclass of: Hardware

COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
type: Class
subclass of: Computer Systems Organization

Modal logic
type: Class
subclass of: Knowledge Representation Formalisms and Methods

Simulation
type: Class
subclass of: Performance

Performance
type: Class
subclass of: OPERATING SYSTEMS

Standards
type: Class
subclass of: Digital Libraries

Digital Libraries
type: Class
subclass of: INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL

Logical Design
type: Class
subclass of: DATABASE MANAGEMENT

File organization
type: Class
subclass of: File Systems Management

File Systems Management
type: Class
subclass of: OPERATING SYSTEMS

Standards
type: Class
subclass of: Coding Tools and Techniques

Combinatorial algorithms
type: Class
subclass of: Combinatorics

Combinatorics
type: Class
subclass of: DISCRETE MATHEMATICS

Methodologies
type: Class
subclass of: Design
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Device independence
type: Class
subclass of: Methodology and Techniques
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Methodology and Techniques
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTER GRAPHICS

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES

PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES
type: Class
subclass of: Software

Graphical user interfaces (GUI)
type: Class
subclass of: User Interfaces

Multiple-instruction-stream, multiple-data-stream processors (MIMD)
type: Class
subclass of: Multiple Data Stream Architectures (Multiprocessors)

Multiple Data Stream Architectures (Multiprocessors)
type: Class
subclass of: PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURES

Distributed/network graphics
type: Class
subclass of: Graphics Systems

Graphics Systems
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTER GRAPHICS

Interface definition languages
type: Class
subclass of: Interoperability

Interoperability
type: Class
subclass of: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Continuation (homotopy) methods
type: Class
subclass of: Roots of Nonlinear Equations

Scientific databases
type: Class
subclass of: Database Applications

Pricing and resource allocation
type: Class
subclass of: Installation Management

Games
type: Class
subclass of: Applications and Expert Systems

Applications and Expert Systems
type: Class
subclass of: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Semantics of Programming Languages
type: Class
subclass of: LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS

Formal Definitions and Theory
type: Class
subclass of: PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

Computations on polynomials
type: Class
subclass of: Numerical Algorithms and Problems

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

Measurement techniques
type: Class
subclass of: PERFORMANCE OF SYSTEMS

PERFORMANCE OF SYSTEMS
type: Class
subclass of: Computer Systems Organization

INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL
type: Class
subclass of: Information Systems

Renewal theory
type: Class
subclass of: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

General
type: Class
subclass of: LEGAL ASPECTS OF COMPUTING

LEGAL ASPECTS OF COMPUTING
type: Class
subclass of: Computing Milieux

Very high-level languages
type: Class
subclass of: Language Classifications

Optimization
type: Class
subclass of: Design Aids

Design Aids
type: Class
subclass of: LOGIC DESIGN

GENERAL
type: Class
subclass of: Computer Applications

Computer Applications
type: Class
subclass of: ACMCCS98

Recurrences and difference equations
type: Class
subclass of: Combinatorics

Ethics
type: Class
subclass of: Public Policy Issues

IMAGE PROCESSING AND COMPUTER VISION
type: Class
subclass of: Computing Methodologies

Microprocessor/microcomputer applications
type: Class
subclass of: SPECIAL-PURPOSE AND APPLICATION-BASED SYSTEMS

SPECIAL-PURPOSE AND APPLICATION-BASED SYSTEMS
type: Class
subclass of: Computer Systems Organization

Debugging aids
type: Class
subclass of: Testing and Debugging

Classes defined by grammars or automata (e.g., context-free languages, regular sets, recursive sets)
type: Class
subclass of: Formal Languages

Formal Languages
type: Class
subclass of: MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND FORMAL LANGUAGES

Concept learning
type: Class
subclass of: Learning

Data communications
type: Class
subclass of: General

General
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

Library Automation
type: Class
subclass of: INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL

Languages
type: Class
subclass of: Methodology and Techniques

Electronic Commerce
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTERS AND SOCIETY

Run-time environments
type: Class
subclass of: Processors

Processors
type: Class
subclass of: PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

Software Architectures
type: Class
subclass of: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Centralization/decentralization
type: Class
subclass of: System Management

System Management
type: Class
subclass of: MANAGEMENT OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Relational databases
type: Class
subclass of: Systems

Error control codes
type: Class
subclass of: CODING AND INFORMATION THEORY

CODING AND INFORMATION THEORY
type: Class
subclass of: Data

Natural language interfaces
type: Class
subclass of: Applications and Expert Systems

Neural nets
type: Class
subclass of: Other Architecture Styles

Text processing
type: Class
subclass of: Applications

Applications
type: Class
subclass of: PATTERN RECOGNITION

Analogies
type: Class
subclass of: Learning

Mobile processors
type: Class
subclass of: Parallel Architectures

Parallel Architectures
type: Class
subclass of: PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURES

Hash-table representations
type: Class
subclass of: DATA STORAGE REPRESENTATIONS

DATA STORAGE REPRESENTATIONS
type: Class
subclass of: Data

Lambda calculus and related systems
type: Class
subclass of: Mathematical Logic

General
type: Class
subclass of: INPUT/OUTPUT AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS

INPUT/OUTPUT AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS
type: Class
subclass of: Hardware

Ethernet (e.g., CSMA/CD)
type: Class
subclass of: Local and Wide-Area Networks

Local and Wide-Area Networks
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

Data warehouse and repository
type: Class
subclass of: Database Administration

Database Administration
type: Class
subclass of: DATABASE MANAGEMENT

Evaluation/methodology
type: Class
subclass of: Multimedia Information Systems

Multimedia Information Systems
type: Class
subclass of: INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (e.g., HCI)

Sequencing and scheduling
type: Class
subclass of: Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems

User profiles and alert services
type: Class
subclass of: Systems and Software

Systems and Software
type: Class
subclass of: INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL

Memory management (garbage collection)
type: Class
subclass of: Processors

VLSI Systems
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTER SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

GENERAL
type: Class
subclass of: Software

Tracing
type: Class
subclass of: Testing and Debugging

Remote systems
type: Class
subclass of: Graphics Systems
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Video (e.g., tape, disk, DVI)
type: Class
subclass of: Multimedia Information Systems

Standards
type: Class
subclass of: General

General
type: Class
subclass of: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

MISCELLANEOUS
type: Class
subclass of: Computing Milieux

Integrated environments
type: Class
subclass of: Programming Environments

Programming Environments
type: Class
subclass of: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Parallel processing
type: Class
subclass of: Hardware Architecture

Hardware Architecture
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTER GRAPHICS

ACMCCS98
type: Class

INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS
type: Class
subclass of: Information Systems

Information Systems
type: Class
subclass of: ACMCCS98

Information networks
type: Class
subclass of: Systems and Software

Object-oriented databases
type: Class
subclass of: Systems

Algorithm design and analysis
type: Class
subclass of: MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE

MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE
type: Class
subclass of: Mathematics of Computing

Special-purpose hardware
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Languages and Systems

Languages and Systems
type: Class
subclass of: SYMBOLIC AND ALGEBRAIC MANIPULATION

Von Neumann architectures
type: Class
subclass of: Single Data Stream Architectures
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Advanced technologies
type: Class
subclass of: Types and Design Styles

Types and Design Styles
type: Class
subclass of: INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Design Aids
type: Class
subclass of: REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL IMPLEMENTATION

Information Storage
type: Class
subclass of: INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL

Web-based services
type: Class
subclass of: Online Information Services

Online Information Services
type: Class
subclass of: INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL

Data manipulation languages (DML)
type: Class
subclass of: Languages

Languages
type: Class
subclass of: DATABASE MANAGEMENT

GENERAL
type: Class
subclass of: Computing Milieux

Cost/performance
type: Class
subclass of: High-Speed Arithmetic

High-Speed Arithmetic
type: Class
subclass of: ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC STRUCTURES

Sorting/searching
type: Class
subclass of: FILES

Probabilistic computation
type: Class
subclass of: Modes of Computation

Modes of Computation
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTATION BY ABSTRACT DEVICES

Multiparadigm languages
type: Class
subclass of: Language Classifications

Correctness proofs
type: Class
subclass of: Software/Program Verification

Parallelism and concurrency
type: Class
subclass of: Modes of Computation

Interconnection architectures (e.g., common bus, multiport memory, crossbar switch)
type: Class
subclass of: Multiple Data Stream Architectures (Multiprocessors)

Sociology
type: Class
subclass of: SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
type: Class
subclass of: Computer Applications

Pipeline processors
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Single Data Stream Architectures

Performing arts (e.g., dance, music)
type: Class
subclass of: ARTS AND HUMANITIES

Organizational design
type: Class
subclass of: Group and Organization Interfaces

Payment schemes
type: Class
subclass of: Electronic Commerce

Texture
type: Class
subclass of: Vision and Scene Understanding

Vision and Scene Understanding
type: Class
subclass of: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Mathematics of Computing
type: Class
subclass of: ACMCCS98

Algorithms
type: Class
subclass of: Clustering

Clustering
type: Class
subclass of: PATTERN RECOGNITION

Distributed programming
type: Class
subclass of: Concurrent Programming

Concurrent Programming
type: Class
subclass of: PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES

LOGIC DESIGN
type: Class
subclass of: Hardware

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTER SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

Stochastic programming
type: Class
subclass of: Optimization

Optimization
type: Class
subclass of: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

Relations among complexity measures
type: Class
subclass of: Complexity Measures and Classes

Complexity Measures and Classes
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTATION BY ABSTRACT DEVICES

Groupware
type: Class
subclass of: Office Automation

Routing protocols
type: Class
subclass of: Network Protocols

Network Protocols
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

Exact coding
type: Class
subclass of: Compression (Coding)
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Compression (Coding)
type: Class
subclass of: IMAGE PROCESSING AND COMPUTER VISION

Store and forward networks
type: Class
subclass of: Network Architecture and Design

Continuous
type: Class
subclass of: Types of Simulation

PATTERN RECOGNITION
type: Class
subclass of: Computing Methodologies

Arts, fine and performing
type: Class
subclass of: ARTS AND HUMANITIES
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

3D/stereo scene analysis
type: Class
subclass of: Vision and Scene Understanding

Censorship
type: Class
subclass of: Governmental Issues

Governmental Issues
type: Class
subclass of: LEGAL ASPECTS OF COMPUTING

OPERATING SYSTEMS
type: Class
subclass of: Software

Intelligent agents
type: Class
subclass of: Distributed Artificial Intelligence

Distributed Artificial Intelligence
type: Class
subclass of: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Evolutionary prototyping
type: Class
subclass of: Design Tools and Techniques

Human information processing
type: Class
subclass of: User/Machine Systems

User/Machine Systems
type: Class
subclass of: MODELS AND PRINCIPLES

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: IMAGE PROCESSING AND COMPUTER VISION

GENERAL
type: Class
subclass of: Computing Methodologies

Computing Methodologies
type: Class
subclass of: ACMCCS98

User-centered design
type: Class
subclass of: User Interfaces

Unauthorized access (e.g., hacking, phreaking)
type: Class
subclass of: Security and Protection

Reliability, availability, and serviceability
type: Class
subclass of: PERFORMANCE OF SYSTEMS

Operational semantics
type: Class
subclass of: Semantics of Programming Languages

Gradient methods
type: Class
subclass of: Optimization

Unbounded-action devices (e.g., cellular automata, circuits, networks of machines)
type: Class
subclass of: Models of Computation

Models of Computation
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTATION BY ABSTRACT DEVICES

MISCELLANEOUS
type: Class
subclass of: Theory of Computation

Codes of ethics
type: Class
subclass of: Professional Ethics

INTRODUCTORY AND SURVEY
type: Class
subclass of: General Literature

General Literature
type: Class
subclass of: ACMCCS98

Compilers
type: Class
subclass of: Processors

Design Styles
type: Class
subclass of: ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC STRUCTURES

ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC STRUCTURES
type: Class
subclass of: Hardware

Constraints
type: Class
subclass of: Language Constructs and Features

Maintenance
type: Class
subclass of: File Systems Management
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Built-in tests
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Reliability and Testing

Reliability and Testing
type: Class
subclass of: REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL IMPLEMENTATION
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Tracking
type: Class
subclass of: Scene Analysis

Scene Analysis
type: Class
subclass of: IMAGE PROCESSING AND COMPUTER VISION

Programming teams
type: Class
subclass of: Management

Abuse and crime involving computers
type: Class
subclass of: Social Issues
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Applications
type: Class
subclass of: SIMULATION AND MODELING

SIMULATION AND MODELING
type: Class
subclass of: Computing Methodologies

Memory technologies
type: Class
subclass of: Types and Design Styles

Connectionism and neural nets
type: Class
subclass of: Learning

Code generation
type: Class
subclass of: Processors

INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (e.g., HCI)
type: Class
subclass of: Information Systems

Theory
type: Class
subclass of: HISTORY OF COMPUTING

Philosophical foundations
type: Class
subclass of: General

General
type: Class
subclass of: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Language parsing and understanding
type: Class
subclass of: Natural Language Processing

Natural Language Processing
type: Class
subclass of: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

MISCELLANEOUS
type: Class
subclass of: Computer Applications

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURES

Sensors
type: Class
subclass of: Robotics

Robotics
type: Class
subclass of: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Petri nets
type: Class
subclass of: Design Tools and Techniques

Delay equations
type: Class
subclass of: Integral Equations

Integral Equations
type: Class
subclass of: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

Sampling
type: Class
subclass of: Digitization and Image Capture

Digitization and Image Capture
type: Class
subclass of: IMAGE PROCESSING AND COMPUTER VISION

Domain-specific architectures
type: Class
subclass of: Software Architectures

Control primitives
type: Class
subclass of: Studies of Program Constructs

Determinants
type: Class
subclass of: Numerical Linear Algebra
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Object-oriented design methods
type: Class
subclass of: Design Tools and Techniques

Economics
type: Class
subclass of: SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Modules, packages
type: Class
subclass of: Language Constructs and Features

Object-oriented programming
type: Class
subclass of: Coding Tools and Techniques

Adaptive and iterative quadrature
type: Class
subclass of: Quadrature and Numerical Differentiation

Spectral methods
type: Class
subclass of: Partial Differential Equations

Partial Differential Equations
type: Class
subclass of: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

Linear programming
type: Class
subclass of: Optimization

Software development
type: Class
subclass of: Software Management

GENERAL
type: Class
subclass of: Data

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: SYMBOLIC AND ALGEBRAIC MANIPULATION

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL IMPLEMENTATION

Logic arrays
type: Class
subclass of: Design Styles

Performance Analysis and Design Aids
type: Class
subclass of: MEMORY STRUCTURES
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

MEMORY STRUCTURES
type: Class
subclass of: Hardware

Ethics
type: Class
subclass of: Miscellaneous
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Complexity hierarchies
type: Class
subclass of: Complexity Measures and Classes

Applicative (Functional) Programming
type: Class
subclass of: PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES

Imaging geometry
type: Class
subclass of: Digitization and Image Capture

Relaxation
type: Class
subclass of: Segmentation

Segmentation
type: Class
subclass of: IMAGE PROCESSING AND COMPUTER VISION

Videotex
type: Class
subclass of: Communications Applications

Communications Applications
type: Class
subclass of: INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS

Applications
type: Class
subclass of: DISCRETE MATHEMATICS

DISCRETE MATHEMATICS
type: Class
subclass of: Mathematics of Computing

Graph labeling
type: Class
subclass of: Graph Theory

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
type: Class
subclass of: Network Architecture and Design

Hardware
type: Class
subclass of: HISTORY OF COMPUTING

Markets
type: Class
subclass of: THE COMPUTER INDUSTRY

THE COMPUTER INDUSTRY
type: Class
subclass of: Computing Milieux

Metatheory
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Deduction and Theorem Proving

Arithmetic and logic units
type: Class
subclass of: Design

Design
type: Class
subclass of: REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL IMPLEMENTATION

Expert system tools and techniques
type: Class
subclass of: Programming Languages and Software

Programming Languages and Software
type: Class
subclass of: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Graphics packages
type: Class
subclass of: Graphics Utilities

Redundant design
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance

Self-assessment
type: Class
subclass of: Computer and Information Science Education

Analysis of algorithms
type: Class
subclass of: Algorithms

Loaders
type: Class
subclass of: Systems Programs and Utilities
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Systems Programs and Utilities
type: Class
subclass of: OPERATING SYSTEMS

Swapping
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Storage Management

Storage Management
type: Class
subclass of: OPERATING SYSTEMS

Feature evaluation and selection
type: Class
subclass of: Design Methodology

Vector display devices
type: Class
subclass of: Hardware Architecture
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Device drivers
type: Class
subclass of: Graphics Utilities
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Modeling packages
type: Class
subclass of: Computational Geometry and Object Modeling

Gaussian quadrature
type: Class
subclass of: Quadrature and Numerical Differentiation

Nonparametric statistics
type: Class
subclass of: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

Bounded-action devices (e.g., Turing machines, random access machines)
type: Class
subclass of: Models of Computation

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

Object-oriented Programming
type: Class
subclass of: PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES

MISCELLANEOUS
type: Class
subclass of: Mathematics of Computing

Standardization
type: Class
subclass of: User Interfaces

Redundant design
type: Class
subclass of: Reliability and Testing
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Autonomous vehicles
type: Class
subclass of: Robotics

Diagnostics
type: Class
subclass of: Control Structure Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Portable devices (e.g., laptops, personal digital assistants)
type: Class
subclass of: Microcomputers

Microcomputers
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTER SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING

COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING
type: Class
subclass of: Computer Applications

Color
type: Class
subclass of: Scene Analysis

Radiosity
type: Class
subclass of: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism

Parallel programming
type: Class
subclass of: Concurrent Programming

Dynamic programming
type: Class
subclass of: Problem Solving, Control Methods, and Search

Problem Solving, Control Methods, and Search
type: Class
subclass of: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Use/abuse of power
type: Class
subclass of: Public Policy Issues

Parallel circuits
type: Class
subclass of: Design Styles

MISCELLANEOUS
type: Class
subclass of: Computing Methodologies

Recursive function theory
type: Class
subclass of: Mathematical Logic

Optimization
type: Class
subclass of: Design Aids

Writable control store
type: Class
subclass of: Control Design Styles
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Control Design Styles
type: Class
subclass of: CONTROL STRUCTURES AND MICROPROGRAMMING

Machine-independent microcode generation
type: Class
subclass of: Microprogram Design Aids
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Microprogram Design Aids
type: Class
subclass of: CONTROL STRUCTURES AND MICROPROGRAMMING

Mutual exclusion
type: Class
subclass of: Process Management

Recursion
type: Class
subclass of: Language Constructs and Features

Photometry
type: Class
subclass of: Scene Analysis

COMPUTATION BY ABSTRACT DEVICES
type: Class
subclass of: Theory of Computation

Asynchronous/synchronous operation
type: Class
subclass of: Interconnections (Subsystems)

Nonlinear approximation
type: Class
subclass of: Approximation

Industrial control
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTERS IN OTHER SYSTEMS

Iterative solution techniques
type: Class
subclass of: Partial Differential Equations

Systems and Information Theory
type: Class
subclass of: MODELS AND PRINCIPLES

Kinematics and dynamics
type: Class
subclass of: Robotics

Parallel and vector implementations
type: Class
subclass of: MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE

Pre- and post-conditions
type: Class
subclass of: Specifying and Verifying and Reasoning about Programs

Special function approximations
type: Class
subclass of: Approximation

GENERAL
type: Class
subclass of: Information Systems

Formal models
type: Class
subclass of: Control Structure Performance Analysis and Design Aids
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Control Structure Performance Analysis and Design Aids
type: Class
subclass of: CONTROL STRUCTURES AND MICROPROGRAMMING

General
type: Class
subclass of: ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS AND PROBLEM COMPLEXITY

ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS AND PROBLEM COMPLEXITY
type: Class
subclass of: Theory of Computation

Scheduling
type: Class
subclass of: Problem Solving, Control Methods, and Search

Static memory (SRAM)
type: Class
subclass of: Semiconductor Memories

Parameter learning
type: Class
subclass of: Learning

Wiener filtering
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Restoration

Restoration
type: Class
subclass of: IMAGE PROCESSING AND COMPUTER VISION

Commercial robots and applications
type: Class
subclass of: Robotics

Channels and controllers
type: Class
subclass of: Input/Output Devices

Transborder data flow
type: Class
subclass of: Public Policy Issues

Hierarchical design
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Organization and Design

Commercial services
type: Class
subclass of: Online Information Services

Bulletin boards
type: Class
subclass of: Communications Applications

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
type: Class
subclass of: Hardware

Cost estimation
type: Class
subclass of: Management

Invariants
type: Class
subclass of: Specifying and Verifying and Reasoning about Programs

GENERAL
type: Class
subclass of: Hardware

Memory used as logic
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Design Styles

Microprogramming languages
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Language Classifications

Verification
type: Class
subclass of: Design Aids

Design Aids
type: Class
subclass of: INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

User issues
type: Class
subclass of: Digital Libraries

Picture description languages
type: Class
subclass of: Graphics Utilities
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Arrays
type: Class
subclass of: DATA STRUCTURES

Systems of equations
type: Class
subclass of: Roots of Nonlinear Equations

Invasive software (e.g., viruses, worms, Trojan horses)
type: Class
subclass of: Security and Protection

Testing, Certification, and Licensing
type: Class
subclass of: THE COMPUTING PROFESSION

Least squares approximation
type: Class
subclass of: Approximation

Stereo
type: Class
subclass of: Scene Analysis

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: MEMORY STRUCTURES

Human safety
type: Class
subclass of: Public Policy Issues

Summation methods
type: Class
subclass of: Reconstruction
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Depth cues
type: Class
subclass of: Scene Analysis

Answer/reason extraction
type: Class
subclass of: Deduction and Theorem Proving

Literature
type: Class
subclass of: ARTS AND HUMANITIES

Data compaction and compression
type: Class
subclass of: CODING AND INFORMATION THEORY

Program analysis
type: Class
subclass of: Semantics of Programming Languages

Modeling
type: Class
subclass of: Sound and Music Computing

Software libraries
type: Class
subclass of: Design Tools and Techniques

Schema and subschema
type: Class
subclass of: Logical Design

Speech recognition and synthesis
type: Class
subclass of: Natural Language Processing

Differential-algebraic equations
type: Class
subclass of: Ordinary Differential Equations

Index generation
type: Class
subclass of: Document Preparation

Input/output
type: Class
subclass of: Communications Management

Virtual memory
type: Class
subclass of: Design Styles

Built-in tests
type: Class
subclass of: Reliability and Testing
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: CONTROL STRUCTURES AND MICROPROGRAMMING

Access controls
type: Class
subclass of: Security and Protection

Performance and usage measurement
type: Class
subclass of: Installation Management

Multistep and multivalue methods
type: Class
subclass of: Ordinary Differential Equations

Tools
type: Class
subclass of: Requirements/Specifications

General
type: Class
subclass of: INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL

User interfaces
type: Class
subclass of: Design Tools and Techniques

Translator writing systems and compiler generators
type: Class
subclass of: Processors

Experimental design
type: Class
subclass of: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

Color, shading, shadowing, and texture
type: Class
subclass of: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism

Systems development
type: Class
subclass of: Project and People Management

Reliability and life testing
type: Class
subclass of: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

Licensing
type: Class
subclass of: Hardware/Software Protection

Testability
type: Class
subclass of: Reliability and Testing
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Camera calibration
type: Class
subclass of: Digitization and Image Capture

Redundant design
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance

Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance
type: Class
subclass of: ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC STRUCTURES
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Topology (e.g., bus, point-to-point)
type: Class
subclass of: Interconnections (Subsystems)

Matrix inversion
type: Class
subclass of: Numerical Linear Algebra

Network Operations
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

Temporal logic
type: Class
subclass of: Knowledge Representation Formalisms and Methods

Classes defined by resource-bounded automata
type: Class
subclass of: Formal Languages
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Rule-based databases
type: Class
subclass of: Systems

Graphics
type: Class
subclass of: Design Aids

Cellular arrays and automata
type: Class
subclass of: Design Styles

Reuse models
type: Class
subclass of: Reusable Software

Reusable Software
type: Class
subclass of: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Capability architectures
type: Class
subclass of: Other Architecture Styles
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Records
type: Class
subclass of: DATA STRUCTURES

Standards (e.g., DES, PGP, RSA)
type: Class
subclass of: DATA ENCRYPTION

Complexity measures
type: Class
subclass of: Metrics

Dumps
type: Class
subclass of: Testing and Debugging
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Stochastic processes
type: Class
subclass of: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

Smoothing
type: Class
subclass of: Enhancement

Volterra equations
type: Class
subclass of: Integral Equations

Graphics editors
type: Class
subclass of: Graphics Utilities

Systems theory
type: Class
subclass of: Simulation Theory

Simulation Theory
type: Class
subclass of: SIMULATION AND MODELING

Version control
type: Class
subclass of: Document and Text Editing

Single-instruction-stream, multiple-data-stream processors (SIMD)
type: Class
subclass of: Multiple Data Stream Architectures (Multiprocessors)

Statistical
type: Class
subclass of: Models

Publishing
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTERS IN OTHER SYSTEMS

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: DATABASE MANAGEMENT

Uncertainty, ``fuzzy,'' and probabilistic reasoning
type: Class
subclass of: Deduction and Theorem Proving

Data-flow languages
type: Class
subclass of: Language Classifications

Curriculum
type: Class
subclass of: Computer and Information Science Education

Concurrency
type: Class
subclass of: Process Management

Fault-tolerance
type: Class
subclass of: Reliability

Signal processing
type: Class
subclass of: Applications

Data communications
type: Class
subclass of: Application Packages

Process metrics
type: Class
subclass of: Metrics

Reentrant code
type: Class
subclass of: Coding Tools and Techniques
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Error analysis
type: Class
subclass of: Quadrature and Numerical Differentiation

General
type: Class
subclass of: PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURES

Access methods
type: Class
subclass of: Physical Design

Physical Design
type: Class
subclass of: DATABASE MANAGEMENT

Thesauruses
type: Class
subclass of: Content Analysis and Indexing

Astronomy
type: Class
subclass of: PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING

Simulated annealing
type: Class
subclass of: Optimization

Transaction processing
type: Class
subclass of: Systems

Input devices
type: Class
subclass of: Hardware Architecture

Dynamic storage management
type: Class
subclass of: Language Constructs and Features

Decision support (e.g., MIS)
type: Class
subclass of: Types of Systems

Types of Systems
type: Class
subclass of: INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS

Interpreters
type: Class
subclass of: Processors

Parsing
type: Class
subclass of: Grammars and Other Rewriting Systems

Architectures
type: Class
subclass of: Hypertext/Hypermedia

Hypertext/Hypermedia
type: Class
subclass of: INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (e.g., HCI)

System architectures
type: Class
subclass of: GENERAL

Network operating systems
type: Class
subclass of: Distributed Systems

Convergence
type: Class
subclass of: Roots of Nonlinear Equations

General
type: Class
subclass of: INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (e.g., HCI)

Query languages
type: Class
subclass of: Languages

Program modification
type: Class
subclass of: Automatic Programming

Garbage collection
type: Class
subclass of: Storage Management

General
type: Class
subclass of: DATABASE MANAGEMENT

Signal processing systems
type: Class
subclass of: SPECIAL-PURPOSE AND APPLICATION-BASED SYSTEMS

Ergonomics
type: Class
subclass of: Methodology and Techniques

Extrapolation
type: Class
subclass of: Interpolation

Interpolation
type: Class
subclass of: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

Standards
type: Class
subclass of: Methodology and Techniques

Three-dimensional displays
type: Class
subclass of: Hardware Architecture
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Computations on matrices
type: Class
subclass of: Numerical Algorithms and Problems

Evaluation/methodology
type: Class
subclass of: User Interfaces

MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND FORMAL LANGUAGES
type: Class
subclass of: Theory of Computation

Moments
type: Class
subclass of: Feature Measurement

Financial (e.g., EFTS)
type: Class
subclass of: ADMINISTRATIVE DATA PROCESSING

Management techniques (e.g., PERT/CPM)
type: Class
subclass of: Project and People Management

Modeling techniques
type: Class
subclass of: PERFORMANCE OF SYSTEMS

Interval arithmetic
type: Class
subclass of: General

Redundant design
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance

Open Systems Interconnection reference model (OSI)
type: Class
subclass of: General

Interaction styles (e.g., commands, menus, forms, direct manipulation)
type: Class
subclass of: User Interfaces

MODELS AND PRINCIPLES
type: Class
subclass of: Information Systems

Algorithms
type: Class
subclass of: High-Speed Arithmetic

Alternation and nondeterminism
type: Class
subclass of: Modes of Computation

Management audit
type: Class
subclass of: System Management

Optimization
type: Class
subclass of: FILES
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Office automation
type: Class
subclass of: Applications and Expert Systems

One-step (single step) methods
type: Class
subclass of: Ordinary Differential Equations

Validation
type: Class
subclass of: Software/Program Verification

Network management
type: Class
subclass of: Network Operations

Network communications
type: Class
subclass of: Network Architecture and Design

Permutations and combinations
type: Class
subclass of: Combinatorics

Insurance
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1991, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Miscellaneous

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: MANAGEMENT OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Calculator
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Design Styles

Cartography
type: Class
subclass of: Applications and Expert Systems

Marketing
type: Class
subclass of: ADMINISTRATIVE DATA PROCESSING

Stability (and instability)
type: Class
subclass of: General

Languages
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Document and Text Editing

Collaborative computing
type: Class
subclass of: Group and Organization Interfaces

Object representation
type: Class
subclass of: DATA STORAGE REPRESENTATIONS

Systems issues
type: Class
subclass of: Digital Libraries

Image databases
type: Class
subclass of: Database Applications

Hardware description languages
type: Class
subclass of: Design Aids

High-level language architectures
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Other Architecture Styles

Codes of good practice
type: Class
subclass of: Professional Ethics

Conditioning (and ill-conditioning)
type: Class
subclass of: General

Network monitoring
type: Class
subclass of: Network Operations

Organizational Impacts
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTERS AND SOCIETY

Spreadsheets
type: Class
subclass of: Office Automation

Control theory
type: Class
subclass of: Problem Solving, Control Methods, and Search

Simulation
type: Class
subclass of: Design Aids

Viewing algorithms
type: Class
subclass of: Picture/Image Generation

Statistics
type: Class
subclass of: THE COMPUTER INDUSTRY

User interface management systems (UIMS)
type: Class
subclass of: User Interfaces

Linked representations
type: Class
subclass of: DATA STORAGE REPRESENTATIONS

Stand-alone systems
type: Class
subclass of: Graphics Systems
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Denotational semantics
type: Class
subclass of: Semantics of Programming Languages

Diagnostics
type: Class
subclass of: Testing and Debugging

Motion
type: Class
subclass of: Vision and Scene Understanding

Evaluation/methodology
type: Class
subclass of: Group and Organization Interfaces

Handicapped persons/special needs
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Social Issues

Built-in tests
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance

Parallel databases
type: Class
subclass of: Systems

Data sharing
type: Class
subclass of: Online Information Services

Performance evaluation (efficiency and effectiveness)
type: Class
subclass of: Systems and Software

Security
type: Class
subclass of: Electronic Commerce

Substitution mechanisms
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Languages and Systems

Data types and structures
type: Class
subclass of: Language Constructs and Features

General
type: Class
subclass of: MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND FORMAL LANGUAGES

Software psychology
type: Class
subclass of: User/Machine Systems

Packet-switching networks
type: Class
subclass of: Network Architecture and Design

Testing tools (e.g., data generators, coverage testing)
type: Class
subclass of: Testing and Debugging

Applicative (functional) languages
type: Class
subclass of: Language Classifications

Information hiding
type: Class
subclass of: Software Architectures

Hardware/software interfaces
type: Class
subclass of: GENERAL

Approximation of surfaces and contours
type: Class
subclass of: Approximation

Protocol verification
type: Class
subclass of: Network Protocols

General
type: Class
subclass of: MEMORY STRUCTURES

Language models
type: Class
subclass of: Natural Language Processing

Shape
type: Class
subclass of: Vision and Scene Understanding

Routing and layout
type: Class
subclass of: Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems

Domain decomposition methods
type: Class
subclass of: Partial Differential Equations

Shape
type: Class
subclass of: Scene Analysis

Physical security
type: Class
subclass of: Security and Protection
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Constrained optimization
type: Class
subclass of: Optimization

Control design
type: Class
subclass of: Design

Distributed file systems
type: Class
subclass of: File Systems Management

Graph algorithms
type: Class
subclass of: Graph Theory

Class invariants
type: Class
subclass of: Software/Program Verification

Theory
type: Class
subclass of: Hypertext/Hypermedia

Styles (e.g., parallel, pipeline, special-purpose)
type: Class
subclass of: Design

Testability
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Reliability and Testing

Interpolation formulas
type: Class
subclass of: Interpolation

Decision tables
type: Class
subclass of: Design Tools and Techniques

Value of information
type: Class
subclass of: Systems and Information Theory

Preprocessors
type: Class
subclass of: Processors

General
type: Class
subclass of: LOGIC DESIGN

Combined
type: Class
subclass of: Types of Simulation

Software configuration management
type: Class
subclass of: Management

RISC/CISC, VLIW architectures
type: Class
subclass of: Single Data Stream Architectures

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS

Systems
type: Class
subclass of: Sound and Music Computing

Test generation
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance

Data dictionary/directory
type: Class
subclass of: Database Administration

Collaborative learning
type: Class
subclass of: Computer Uses in Education

Computer Uses in Education
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTERS AND EDUCATION

Input/output circuits
type: Class
subclass of: Types and Design Styles

Restructuring, reverse engineering, and reengineering
type: Class
subclass of: Distribution, Maintenance, and Enhancement

Queueing theory
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: MISCELLANEOUS

MISCELLANEOUS
type: Class
subclass of: Information Systems

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTERS AND EDUCATION

Hypertext navigation and maps
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Multimedia Information Systems

Architecture
type: Class
subclass of: ARTS AND HUMANITIES

Abuse and crime involving computers
type: Class
subclass of: Public Policy Issues

Error-checking
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Reliability and Testing

Analog computers
type: Class
subclass of: Miscellaneous
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Standards
type: Class
subclass of: Document Preparation

Propelling mechanisms
type: Class
subclass of: Robotics

Multidimensional
type: Class
subclass of: Image Representation

Concurrent programming structures
type: Class
subclass of: Language Constructs and Features

Interleaved memories
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Design Styles

Simulation
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Performance Analysis and Design Aids

Multivariate statistics
type: Class
subclass of: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

VLSI (very large scale integration)
type: Class
subclass of: Types and Design Styles

Engineering
type: Class
subclass of: PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING

Types of simulation (continuous and discrete)
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1991, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Simulation Theory

Splines
type: Class
subclass of: Computational Geometry and Object Modeling

Mathematical induction
type: Class
subclass of: Deduction and Theorem Proving

Distributed memories
type: Class
subclass of: Storage Management

Reflectance
type: Class
subclass of: Digitization and Image Capture

Range data
type: Class
subclass of: Scene Analysis

Kalman filtering
type: Class
subclass of: Restoration

Main memory
type: Class
subclass of: Storage Management

General
type: Class
subclass of: PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES

Region growing, partitioning
type: Class
subclass of: Segmentation

Complexity of proof procedures
type: Class
subclass of: Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems

Systems
type: Class
subclass of: HISTORY OF COMPUTING

Test generation
type: Class
subclass of: Control Structure Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Syntax
type: Class
subclass of: Formal Definitions and Theory

Simulation Output Analysis
type: Class
subclass of: SIMULATION AND MODELING

Industrial automation
type: Class
subclass of: Applications and Expert Systems

Reengineering
type: Class
subclass of: Organizational Impacts

Gaming
type: Class
subclass of: Types of Simulation

Hierarchy and geometric transformations
type: Class
subclass of: Computational Geometry and Object Modeling

Spline and piecewise polynomial approximation
type: Class
subclass of: Approximation

Plan execution, formation, and generation
type: Class
subclass of: Problem Solving, Control Methods, and Search

Centralized networks
type: Class
subclass of: Network Architecture and Design
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Hypergraphs
type: Class
subclass of: Graph Theory

Photocomposition/typesetting
type: Class
subclass of: Document Preparation

Parabolic equations
type: Class
subclass of: Partial Differential Equations

Proof theory
type: Class
subclass of: Mathematical Logic

Induction
type: Class
subclass of: Learning

Spreadsheets
type: Class
subclass of: Application Packages

Simulation Languages
type: Class
subclass of: SIMULATION AND MODELING

Virtual memory
type: Class
subclass of: Storage Management

Information browsers
type: Class
subclass of: Communications Applications

Methodologies and techniques
type: Class
subclass of: Sound and Music Computing

Animations
type: Class
subclass of: Multimedia Information Systems

Least squares methods
type: Class
subclass of: Optimization

Personal computers
type: Class
subclass of: Microcomputers

Authentication
type: Class
subclass of: Security and Protection

Linguistic processing
type: Class
subclass of: Content Analysis and Indexing

Visible line/surface algorithms
type: Class
subclass of: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism

Computer-aided design (CAD)
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING

Inverse problems
type: Class
subclass of: Partial Differential Equations

Formal methods
type: Class
subclass of: Software/Program Verification

Curve, surface, solid, and object representations
type: Class
subclass of: Computational Geometry and Object Modeling

Linkers
type: Class
subclass of: Systems Programs and Utilities
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Functional constructs
type: Class
subclass of: Studies of Program Constructs

Verification
type: Class
subclass of: Design Aids

Relations among complexity classes
type: Class
subclass of: Complexity Measures and Classes

Grayscale manipulation
type: Class
subclass of: Enhancement

Computational logic
type: Class
subclass of: Mathematical Logic

Computability theory
type: Class
subclass of: Models of Computation

Simulation
type: Class
subclass of: Control Structure Performance Analysis and Design Aids
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Documentation
type: Class
subclass of: Distribution, Maintenance, and Enhancement

Optimization
type: Class
subclass of: Microprogram Design Aids

Queueing theory
type: Class
subclass of: Performance

General
type: Class
subclass of: OPERATING SYSTEMS

General
type: Class
subclass of: CONTROL STRUCTURES AND MICROPROGRAMMING

Image displays
type: Class
subclass of: General

General
type: Class
subclass of: IMAGE PROCESSING AND COMPUTER VISION

Procedures, functions, and subroutines
type: Class
subclass of: Language Constructs and Features

Statistical software
type: Class
subclass of: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

Interactive environments
type: Class
subclass of: Programming Environments

Sequential Programming
type: Class
subclass of: PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES

Cybercash, digital cash
type: Class
subclass of: Electronic Commerce

Single-instruction-stream, single-data-stream processors (SISD)
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Single Data Stream Architectures

Efficiency
type: Class
subclass of: MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE

Modules and interfaces
type: Class
subclass of: Design Tools and Techniques

Standards
type: Class
subclass of: THE COMPUTER INDUSTRY

Style guides
type: Class
subclass of: User Interfaces

Fiber optics
type: Class
subclass of: Interconnections (Subsystems)

Specification techniques
type: Class
subclass of: Specifying and Verifying and Reasoning about Programs

Rational approximation
type: Class
subclass of: Approximation

Distributed commercial transactions
type: Class
subclass of: Electronic Commerce

Instruction set interpretation
type: Class
subclass of: Microcode Applications

Error-checking
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance

Information flow controls
type: Class
subclass of: Security and Protection

Database Machines
type: Class
subclass of: DATABASE MANAGEMENT

High-speed (e.g., FDDI, fiber channel, ATM)
type: Class
subclass of: Local and Wide-Area Networks

Minicomputers
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: COMPUTER SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

Data terminals and printers
type: Class
subclass of: Input/Output Devices

Process models
type: Class
subclass of: Semantics of Programming Languages

Finite difference methods
type: Class
subclass of: Partial Differential Equations

General
type: Class
subclass of: DOCUMENT AND TEXT PROCESSING

Languages and systems
type: Class
subclass of: Document Preparation

Sequential circuits
type: Class
subclass of: Design Styles

Linguistics
type: Class
subclass of: ARTS AND HUMANITIES

Markov processes
type: Class
subclass of: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

Modal logic
type: Class
subclass of: Mathematical Logic

Record classification
type: Class
subclass of: Information Storage
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Heterogeneous (hybrid) systems
type: Class
subclass of: Other Architecture Styles

Generating functions
type: Class
subclass of: Combinatorics

Sorting and searching
type: Class
subclass of: Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems

Convergence and stability
type: Class
subclass of: Ordinary Differential Equations

Lists, stacks, and queues
type: Class
subclass of: DATA STRUCTURES

Virtual reality
type: Class
subclass of: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism

Desktop publishing
type: Class
subclass of: Document Preparation

Verification
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE

Applications
type: Class
subclass of: IMAGE PROCESSING AND COMPUTER VISION

Navigation
type: Class
subclass of: Hypertext/Hypermedia

State diagrams
type: Class
subclass of: Design Tools and Techniques

Concurrency
type: Class
subclass of: Systems

Statistical databases
type: Class
subclass of: Database Applications

Simulation
type: Class
subclass of: Performance Analysis and Design Aids
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Firmware engineering
type: Class
subclass of: Microprogram Design Aids
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Macro and assembly languages
type: Class
subclass of: Language Classifications

Paint systems
type: Class
subclass of: Graphics Utilities

Ergonomics
type: Class
subclass of: User Interfaces

Real time
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTERS IN OTHER SYSTEMS

Prototyping
type: Class
subclass of: User Interfaces

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY

Equal interval integration
type: Class
subclass of: Quadrature and Numerical Differentiation
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Texture
type: Class
subclass of: Feature Measurement

Design studies
type: Class
subclass of: PERFORMANCE OF SYSTEMS

Applications
type: Class
subclass of: SYMBOLIC AND ALGEBRAIC MANIPULATION

Resolution
type: Class
subclass of: Deduction and Theorem Proving

Worst-case analysis
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Performance Analysis and Design Aids

Intellectual property rights
type: Class
subclass of: Public Policy Issues

Partial evaluation
type: Class
subclass of: Semantics of Programming Languages

Program verification
type: Class
subclass of: Automatic Programming

Transform methods
type: Class
subclass of: Reconstruction

Sharpening and deblurring
type: Class
subclass of: Enhancement
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Decision problems
type: Class
subclass of: Formal Languages

Initial value problems
type: Class
subclass of: Ordinary Differential Equations

Normal forms
type: Class
subclass of: Logical Design

Model Development
type: Class
subclass of: SIMULATION AND MODELING

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: PERSONAL COMPUTING

Window managers
type: Class
subclass of: Systems Programs and Utilities

Geometric
type: Class
subclass of: Models

Animation
type: Class
subclass of: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism

Circuit-switching networks
type: Class
subclass of: Network Architecture and Design

Analog computers
type: Class
subclass of: Other Architecture Styles

Test generation
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance

Random number generation
type: Class
subclass of: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

General
type: Class
subclass of: PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

Methodologies (e.g., object-oriented, structured)
type: Class
subclass of: Requirements/Specifications

Terminal management
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Communications Management

Textual databases
type: Class
subclass of: Systems

Radiometry
type: Class
subclass of: Digitization and Image Capture

Linear approximation
type: Class
subclass of: Approximation

Document analysis
type: Class
subclass of: Document Capture

Expressions and Their Representation
type: Class
subclass of: SYMBOLIC AND ALGEBRAIC MANIPULATION

Visual
type: Class
subclass of: Types of Simulation

Graphics data structures and data types
type: Class
subclass of: Methodology and Techniques

Reusable libraries
type: Class
subclass of: Reusable Software

Approximate methods
type: Class
subclass of: Compression (Coding)

Parallel rewriting systems (e.g., developmental systems, L-systems)
type: Class
subclass of: Grammars and Other Rewriting Systems

Stack-oriented processors
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Other Architecture Styles

Mathematics and statistics
type: Class
subclass of: PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING

Accreditation
type: Class
subclass of: Miscellaneous
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Relevance feedback
type: Class
subclass of: Information Search and Retrieval

Computations in finite fields
type: Class
subclass of: Numerical Algorithms and Problems

Evaluation strategies
type: Class
subclass of: Languages and Systems

Pipeline processors
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Multiple Data Stream Architectures (Multiprocessors)

Distributed objects
type: Class
subclass of: Interoperability

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Manufacturing
type: Class
subclass of: ADMINISTRATIVE DATA PROCESSING

Constraint and logic languages
type: Class
subclass of: Language Classifications

Data mining
type: Class
subclass of: Database Applications

Interactive and reactive computation
type: Class
subclass of: Modes of Computation

Software process models (e.g., CMM, ISO, PSP)
type: Class
subclass of: Management

Mass storage (e.g., magnetic, optical, RAID)
type: Class
subclass of: Design Styles

Public key cryptosystems
type: Class
subclass of: DATA ENCRYPTION

Relation systems
type: Class
subclass of: Knowledge Representation Formalisms and Methods

Modeling of computer architecture
type: Class
subclass of: GENERAL

Economics
type: Class
subclass of: General

General
type: Class
subclass of: MANAGEMENT OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Collection
type: Class
subclass of: Digital Libraries

Associative processors
type: Class
subclass of: Multiple Data Stream Architectures (Multiprocessors)

Processors
type: Class
subclass of: Data Communications Devices
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Feature representation
type: Class
subclass of: Feature Measurement

Neural nets
type: Class
subclass of: Models

Measurements
type: Class
subclass of: Performance

Document management
type: Class
subclass of: Document and Text Editing

Protocol architecture (OSI model)
type: Class
subclass of: Network Protocols

Computer vision
type: Class
subclass of: Applications

Automatic analysis of algorithms
type: Class
subclass of: Automatic Programming

Quadratic programming methods
type: Class
subclass of: Optimization

Life cycle
type: Class
subclass of: Project and People Management

Computer arithmetic
type: Class
subclass of: General

Frameworks
type: Class
subclass of: Language Constructs and Features

Test generation
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance

Hardcopy devices
type: Class
subclass of: Hardware Architecture
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Logic programming
type: Class
subclass of: Deduction and Theorem Proving

Real-time and embedded systems
type: Class
subclass of: SPECIAL-PURPOSE AND APPLICATION-BASED SYSTEMS

Scheduling
type: Class
subclass of: Process Management

Error-checking
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Control Structure Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance

Distributed databases
type: Class
subclass of: Distributed Systems

Performance attributes
type: Class
subclass of: PERFORMANCE OF SYSTEMS

Electronic Publishing
type: Class
subclass of: DOCUMENT AND TEXT PROCESSING

Hardware patents
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Miscellaneous

Classes and objects
type: Class
subclass of: Language Constructs and Features

Psychology
type: Class
subclass of: SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Database (persistent) programming languages
type: Class
subclass of: Languages

Information theory
type: Class
subclass of: Systems and Information Theory

Input devices and strategies (e.g., mouse, touchscreen)
type: Class
subclass of: User Interfaces

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
type: Class
subclass of: Network Architecture and Design

Boundary value problems
type: Class
subclass of: Ordinary Differential Equations

Parallel
type: Class
subclass of: Design Styles

Object-oriented languages
type: Class
subclass of: Language Classifications

Trade secrets
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Hardware/Software Protection

Buffering
type: Class
subclass of: Communications Management

Web-based interaction
type: Class
subclass of: Group and Organization Interfaces

Security
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1991, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Miscellaneous

Computing equipment management
type: Class
subclass of: Installation Management

Security, integrity, and protection
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: General

Equipment
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Office Automation

Law
type: Class
subclass of: Applications and Expert Systems

Surface fitting
type: Class
subclass of: Scene Analysis

Top-down programming
type: Class
subclass of: Coding Tools and Techniques

Asynchronous interaction
type: Class
subclass of: Group and Organization Interfaces

Error analysis
type: Class
subclass of: General

Model classification
type: Class
subclass of: Simulation Theory

Automatic synthesis
type: Class
subclass of: Design Aids

Statistical
type: Class
subclass of: Image Representation

Peripheral control
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Microcode Applications

Deadlock avoidance
type: Class
subclass of: Physical Design

Chemistry
type: Class
subclass of: PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING

Error analysis
type: Class
subclass of: Roots of Nonlinear Equations

General
type: Class
subclass of: LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS

Security and protection (e.g., firewalls)
type: Class
subclass of: General

Education
type: Class
subclass of: ADMINISTRATIVE DATA PROCESSING

Nonsecret encoding schemes
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: CODING AND INFORMATION THEORY

Parallel algorithms
type: Class
subclass of: General

Quality assurance
type: Class
subclass of: System Management

Distributed architectures
type: Class
subclass of: Parallel Architectures

Stiff equations
type: Class
subclass of: Ordinary Differential Equations

Elliptic equations
type: Class
subclass of: Partial Differential Equations

Electronic data interchange (EDI)
type: Class
subclass of: Electronic Commerce

Public networks
type: Class
subclass of: Network Operations

Language generation
type: Class
subclass of: Natural Language Processing

Backtracking
type: Class
subclass of: Problem Solving, Control Methods, and Search

Verification
type: Class
subclass of: Design Aids

Hyperbolic equations
type: Class
subclass of: Partial Differential Equations

Network topology
type: Class
subclass of: Network Architecture and Design

Algebraic approaches to semantics
type: Class
subclass of: Semantics of Programming Languages

Time management (e.g., calendars, schedules)
type: Class
subclass of: Office Automation

Games
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1991, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: PERSONAL COMPUTING

Composite structures
type: Class
subclass of: DATA STORAGE REPRESENTATIONS
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Symbolic execution
type: Class
subclass of: Testing and Debugging

Languages (e.g., description, interconnection, definition)
type: Class
subclass of: Software Architectures

Ethical dilemmas
type: Class
subclass of: Professional Ethics

Primitive data items
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: DATA STORAGE REPRESENTATIONS

Programmer workbench
type: Class
subclass of: Programming Environments

Coroutines
type: Class
subclass of: Language Constructs and Features

Computer-assisted instruction (CAI)
type: Class
subclass of: Computer Uses in Education

Storage devices
type: Class
subclass of: Hardware Architecture
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Distributed databases
type: Class
subclass of: Systems

Computer-aided software engineering (CASE)
type: Class
subclass of: Design Tools and Techniques

Super (very large) computers
type: Class
subclass of: Large and Medium (``Mainframe'') Computers

Large and Medium (``Mainframe'') Computers
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTER SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

Instruction set design (e.g., RISC, CISC, VLIW)
type: Class
subclass of: GENERAL

Number-theoretic computations (e.g., factoring, primality testing)
type: Class
subclass of: Numerical Algorithms and Problems

General
type: Class
subclass of: REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL IMPLEMENTATION

Model theory
type: Class
subclass of: Mathematical Logic

Distributed debugging
type: Class
subclass of: Testing and Debugging

Modeling and recovery of physical attributes
type: Class
subclass of: Vision and Scene Understanding

Spline and piecewise polynomial interpolation
type: Class
subclass of: Interpolation

Image processing software
type: Class
subclass of: General

Access schemes
type: Class
subclass of: Local and Wide-Area Networks

Relations between models
type: Class
subclass of: Models of Computation

Parsing
type: Class
subclass of: Processors

Applications
type: Class
subclass of: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance
type: Class
subclass of: PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY

Statistical computing
type: Class
subclass of: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

Employment
type: Class
subclass of: Social Issues

Portability
type: Class
subclass of: Distribution, Maintenance, and Enhancement

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: LOGIC DESIGN

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTER GRAPHICS

Redundant design
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Reliability and Testing

Hybrid systems
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Miscellaneous

Animation
type: Class
subclass of: Types of Simulation

Incremental compilers
type: Class
subclass of: Processors

Relations among modes
type: Class
subclass of: Modes of Computation
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Code breaking
type: Class
subclass of: DATA ENCRYPTION

Redundant design
type: Class
subclass of: Reliability and Testing
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

User issues
type: Class
subclass of: Hypertext/Hypermedia

Knowledge acquisition
type: Class
subclass of: Learning

Multiagent systems
type: Class
subclass of: Distributed Artificial Intelligence

Theory and models
type: Class
subclass of: Group and Organization Interfaces

Representations, data structures, and transforms
type: Class
subclass of: Vision and Scene Understanding

Convex programming
type: Class
subclass of: Optimization

Information systems education
type: Class
subclass of: Computer and Information Science Education

Operator interfaces
type: Class
subclass of: Robotics

Desktop publishing
type: Class
subclass of: Office Automation

Singular value decomposition
type: Class
subclass of: Numerical Linear Algebra

Integro-differential equations
type: Class
subclass of: Integral Equations

Pattern matching
type: Class
subclass of: Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems

Interactive systems
type: Class
subclass of: Organization and Design

Distributed
type: Class
subclass of: Types of Simulation

Assertion checkers
type: Class
subclass of: Software/Program Verification

Gate arrays
type: Class
subclass of: Types and Design Styles

Layout
type: Class
subclass of: Design Aids

Suppliers
type: Class
subclass of: THE COMPUTER INDUSTRY

Adaptable architectures
type: Class
subclass of: Other Architecture Styles

Representation languages
type: Class
subclass of: Knowledge Representation Formalisms and Methods

Shading
type: Class
subclass of: Scene Analysis

Segmentation
type: Class
subclass of: Storage Management
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Reducibility and completeness
type: Class
subclass of: Complexity Measures and Classes

Software selection
type: Class
subclass of: Software Management

Internetworking
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

Logics of programs
type: Class
subclass of: Specifying and Verifying and Reasoning about Programs

Multidimensional (multiple) quadrature
type: Class
subclass of: Quadrature and Numerical Differentiation

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTATION BY ABSTRACT DEVICES

Microprocessors
type: Class
subclass of: Microcomputers

Pseudoinverse restoration
type: Class
subclass of: Restoration
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Retrieval models
type: Class
subclass of: Information Search and Retrieval

Antialiasing
type: Class
subclass of: Picture/Image Generation
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Chebyshev approximation and theory
type: Class
subclass of: Approximation

Standard cells
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Types and Design Styles

Allocation/deallocation strategies
type: Class
subclass of: Storage Management

Performance measures
type: Class
subclass of: Metrics

Automatic synthesis
type: Class
subclass of: Design Aids

Command and control
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTERS IN OTHER SYSTEMS

Word processing
type: Class
subclass of: Application Packages

Contingency table analysis
type: Class
subclass of: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

Biographies/autobiographies
type: Class
subclass of: GENERAL

Languages and structures
type: Class
subclass of: Distributed Artificial Intelligence

Hardwired control
type: Class
subclass of: Control Design Styles
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Visual Programming
type: Class
subclass of: PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES

Scripting languages
type: Class
subclass of: Document Preparation

Data-path design
type: Class
subclass of: Design

Large text archives
type: Class
subclass of: Library Automation

Cache memories
type: Class
subclass of: Design Styles

Automata (e.g., finite, push-down, resource-bounded)
type: Class
subclass of: Models of Computation

Directory structures
type: Class
subclass of: File Systems Management

Smoothing
type: Class
subclass of: Interpolation

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS AND PROBLEM COMPLEXITY

Line and curve generation
type: Class
subclass of: Picture/Image Generation

Network problems
type: Class
subclass of: Graph Theory

Life cycle
type: Class
subclass of: Management

Frames and scripts
type: Class
subclass of: Knowledge Representation Formalisms and Methods

Integer programming
type: Class
subclass of: Optimization

Voice I/O
type: Class
subclass of: User Interfaces

General
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTATION BY ABSTRACT DEVICES

Graphics
type: Class
subclass of: Application Packages

Command and control languages
type: Class
subclass of: Systems Programs and Utilities

Switching theory
type: Class
subclass of: Design Aids

Product metrics
type: Class
subclass of: Metrics

Geometric algorithms, languages, and systems
type: Class
subclass of: Computational Geometry and Object Modeling

Primary memory
type: Class
subclass of: Design Styles

Motion
type: Class
subclass of: Scene Analysis

Nonprocedural languages
type: Class
subclass of: Language Classifications
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Taxation
type: Class
subclass of: Governmental Issues

Artificial, augmented, and virtual realities
type: Class
subclass of: Multimedia Information Systems

Organizations
type: Class
subclass of: THE COMPUTING PROFESSION

Verification
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Performance Analysis and Design Aids

Verification
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Microprogram Design Aids

Simplification of expressions
type: Class
subclass of: Expressions and Their Representation

Error analysis
type: Class
subclass of: Numerical Linear Algebra

Theory and methods
type: Class
subclass of: User Interfaces

Semantics
type: Class
subclass of: Formal Definitions and Theory

Corrections
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Distribution, Maintenance, and Enhancement

Multigrid and multilevel methods
type: Class
subclass of: Partial Differential Equations

Secondary storage
type: Class
subclass of: Storage Management

Temporal logic
type: Class
subclass of: Mathematical Logic

Model checking
type: Class
subclass of: Software/Program Verification

Invasive software (e.g., viruses, worms, Trojan horses)
type: Class
subclass of: Security and Protection

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: PATTERN RECOGNITION

Survival analysis
type: Class
subclass of: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

Documentation
type: Class
subclass of: MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE

Pixel classification
type: Class
subclass of: Segmentation

Selection process
type: Class
subclass of: Information Search and Retrieval

Wavelets and fractals
type: Class
subclass of: Approximation

Heuristic methods
type: Class
subclass of: Problem Solving, Control Methods, and Search

Physically based modeling
type: Class
subclass of: Computational Geometry and Object Modeling

Systems analysis and design
type: Class
subclass of: Project and People Management

Electronic mail
type: Class
subclass of: Communications Applications

Computation of transforms (e.g., fast Fourier transform)
type: Class
subclass of: Numerical Algorithms and Problems

Computability theory
type: Class
subclass of: Mathematical Logic

Reliability and robustness
type: Class
subclass of: MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE

Operational analysis
type: Class
subclass of: Performance

Employment
type: Class
subclass of: Organizational Impacts

Text analysis
type: Class
subclass of: Natural Language Processing

Object-oriented constructs
type: Class
subclass of: Studies of Program Constructs

Interfaces
type: Class
subclass of: Interconnections (Subsystems)

Abstracting methods
type: Class
subclass of: Content Analysis and Indexing

Flow charts
type: Class
subclass of: Design Tools and Techniques

Polymorphism
type: Class
subclass of: Language Constructs and Features

Quantization
type: Class
subclass of: Digitization and Image Capture

Time series analysis
type: Class
subclass of: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

General
type: Class
subclass of: SYMBOLIC AND ALGEBRAIC MANIPULATION

Screen design (e.g., text, graphics, color)
type: Class
subclass of: User Interfaces

Numerical algorithms
type: Class
subclass of: General

Data-flow architectures
type: Class
subclass of: Other Architecture Styles

Backup procedures
type: Class
subclass of: Reliability

Cryptographic controls
type: Class
subclass of: Security and Protection

Direct data manipulation
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Microcode Applications

Modeling methodologies
type: Class
subclass of: Model Development

Internet (e.g., TCP/IP)
type: Class
subclass of: Local and Wide-Area Networks

Decision problems
type: Class
subclass of: Grammars and Other Rewriting Systems

Language translation
type: Class
subclass of: ARTS AND HUMANITIES

Verification
type: Class
subclass of: Security and Protection
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Formal models of communication
type: Class
subclass of: CODING AND INFORMATION THEORY

Languages
type: Class
subclass of: Requirements/Specifications

Health
type: Class
subclass of: LIFE AND MEDICAL SCIENCES

Counting problems
type: Class
subclass of: Combinatorics

Object recognition
type: Class
subclass of: Scene Analysis

Finite difference methods
type: Class
subclass of: Ordinary Differential Equations

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: DISCRETE MATHEMATICS

Graphs and networks
type: Class
subclass of: DATA STRUCTURES

MISCELLANEOUS
type: Class
subclass of: Computer Systems Organization

Digitizing and scanning
type: Class
subclass of: Picture/Image Generation

Management/Maintenance
type: Class
subclass of: PERSONAL COMPUTING

Virtual device interfaces
type: Class
subclass of: Graphics Utilities

Mechanical theorem proving
type: Class
subclass of: Mathematical Logic

Monitors
type: Class
subclass of: Testing and Debugging

Finite element methods
type: Class
subclass of: Partial Differential Equations

Filtering
type: Class
subclass of: Enhancement

Operations on languages
type: Class
subclass of: Formal Languages

User interfaces
type: Class
subclass of: MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE

Benchmarking
type: Class
subclass of: User Interfaces

Data models
type: Class
subclass of: Logical Design

File organization
type: Class
subclass of: Information Storage

Dynamic memory (DRAM)
type: Class
subclass of: Semiconductor Memories

Scanning
type: Class
subclass of: Digitization and Image Capture

Worst-case analysis
type: Class
subclass of: Performance Analysis and Design Aids
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Codes of good practice
type: Class
subclass of: Miscellaneous
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Program transformation
type: Class
subclass of: Automatic Programming

Extensible languages
type: Class
subclass of: Language Classifications

Inverse filtering
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Restoration

Format and notation
type: Class
subclass of: Document Preparation

Meta files
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Graphics Utilities

Correlation and regression analysis
type: Class
subclass of: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

Registration
type: Class
subclass of: Enhancement

Queueing theory
type: Class
subclass of: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

Rapid prototyping
type: Class
subclass of: Miscellaneous
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Database processing
type: Class
subclass of: Application Packages

Inheritance
type: Class
subclass of: Language Constructs and Features

Parallel
type: Class
subclass of: Types of Simulation

Wireless communication
type: Class
subclass of: Network Architecture and Design

Automatic differentiation
type: Class
subclass of: Quadrature and Numerical Differentiation

Fault tolerance
type: Class
subclass of: PERFORMANCE OF SYSTEMS

Accreditation
type: Class
subclass of: Computer and Information Science Education

Modeling and prediction
type: Class
subclass of: Performance

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: MODELS AND PRINCIPLES

Distance learning
type: Class
subclass of: Computer Uses in Education

Law
type: Class
subclass of: ADMINISTRATIVE DATA PROCESSING

Markup languages
type: Class
subclass of: Document Preparation

Structured programming
type: Class
subclass of: Design Tools and Techniques
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Size and shape
type: Class
subclass of: Feature Measurement

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

Software
type: Class
subclass of: HISTORY OF COMPUTING

Spatial databases and GIS
type: Class
subclass of: Database Applications

Network communication
type: Class
subclass of: Communications Management

Graphics recognition and interpretation
type: Class
subclass of: Document Capture

Program editors
type: Class
subclass of: Coding Tools and Techniques

Error-checking
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance

Fuzzy set
type: Class
subclass of: Models

Path and circuit problems
type: Class
subclass of: Graph Theory

Hidden line/surface removal
type: Class
subclass of: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism

Applications
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTER GRAPHICS

Strategic information systems planning
type: Class
subclass of: Project and People Management

Conference proceedings
type: Class
subclass of: GENERAL

Verification
type: Class
subclass of: Performance Analysis and Design Aids
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Representations (procedural and rule-based)
type: Class
subclass of: Knowledge Representation Formalisms and Methods

Formal models
type: Class
subclass of: Performance Analysis and Design Aids
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Privacy
type: Class
subclass of: Public Policy Issues

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (e.g., HCI)

Trees
type: Class
subclass of: DATA STRUCTURES

Waveform analysis
type: Class
subclass of: Applications

Query formulation
type: Class
subclass of: Information Search and Retrieval

Iterative methods
type: Class
subclass of: Roots of Nonlinear Equations

Dissemination
type: Class
subclass of: Digital Libraries

Word processing
type: Class
subclass of: Office Automation

Receivers (e.g., voice, data, image)
type: Class
subclass of: Data Communications Devices
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Proprietary rights
type: Class
subclass of: Hardware/Software Protection

Process control systems
type: Class
subclass of: SPECIAL-PURPOSE AND APPLICATION-BASED SYSTEMS

Redundant design
type: Class
subclass of: Control Structure Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Hierarchical
type: Class
subclass of: Image Representation

Automation
type: Class
subclass of: Organizational Impacts

Parallel processors
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Multiple Data Stream Architectures (Multiprocessors)

Standards (e.g., TCP/IP)
type: Class
subclass of: Internetworking

Extensibility
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Distribution, Maintenance, and Enhancement

Special architectures
type: Class
subclass of: Implementation

Batch processing systems
type: Class
subclass of: Organization and Design
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Algebraic language theory
type: Class
subclass of: Formal Languages

Synchronization
type: Class
subclass of: Process Management

MISCELLANEOUS
type: Class
subclass of: General Literature

Aerospace
type: Class
subclass of: PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS

Predicate logic
type: Class
subclass of: Knowledge Representation Formalisms and Methods

Stochastic analysis
type: Class
subclass of: Performance

Nonprocedural languages
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Languages and Systems

Structured programming
type: Class
subclass of: Coding Tools and Techniques

Computations on discrete structures
type: Class
subclass of: Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems

Data mapping
type: Class
subclass of: Interoperability

Graphics processors
type: Class
subclass of: Hardware Architecture

Invariants
type: Class
subclass of: Feature Measurement

Abstract data types
type: Class
subclass of: Language Constructs and Features

Pipeline processors
type: Class
subclass of: Other Architecture Styles

Clustering
type: Class
subclass of: Information Search and Retrieval

General
type: Class
subclass of: INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS

Standards
type: Class
subclass of: General

Computer literacy
type: Class
subclass of: Miscellaneous
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Reliability
type: Class
subclass of: Software/Program Verification

Domain engineering
type: Class
subclass of: Reusable Software

Inference engines
type: Class
subclass of: Deduction and Theorem Proving

Distributed applications
type: Class
subclass of: Distributed Systems

Recovery and restart
type: Class
subclass of: Physical Design

Applications (SMTP, FTP, etc.)
type: Class
subclass of: Network Protocols

Query processing
type: Class
subclass of: Systems

Error-checking
type: Class
subclass of: Reliability and Testing
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Volumetric
type: Class
subclass of: Image Representation

Verification
type: Class
subclass of: Reliability

Current awareness systems (selective dissemination of information--SDI)
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Systems and Software

Simulation
type: Class
subclass of: Design Aids

Reusable software
type: Class
subclass of: Miscellaneous
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Performance Analysis and Design Aids
type: Class
subclass of: PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY

Computer-related health issues
type: Class
subclass of: Public Policy Issues

Security, integrity, and protection
type: Class
subclass of: Database Administration

Image display
type: Class
subclass of: Input/Output Devices

Time-varying imagery
type: Class
subclass of: Scene Analysis

Earth and atmospheric sciences
type: Class
subclass of: PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING

Perceptual reasoning
type: Class
subclass of: Vision and Scene Understanding

GENERAL
type: Class
subclass of: Theory of Computation

Frame relay networks
type: Class
subclass of: Network Architecture and Design

Software psychology
type: Class
subclass of: MISCELLANEOUS
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

MISCELLANEOUS
type: Class
subclass of: Software

Retargetable compilers
type: Class
subclass of: Processors

Specialized application languages
type: Class
subclass of: Language Classifications

Pipeline
type: Class
subclass of: Design Styles

Interaction techniques
type: Class
subclass of: Methodology and Techniques

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND FORMAL LANGUAGES

Computer selection
type: Class
subclass of: Installation Management

Haptic I/O
type: Class
subclass of: User Interfaces

Special-purpose
type: Class
subclass of: Microcode Applications
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

General
type: Class
subclass of: MODELS AND PRINCIPLES

Connection machines
type: Class
subclass of: Multiple Data Stream Architectures (Multiprocessors)

Diagnostics
type: Class
subclass of: Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Medicine and science
type: Class
subclass of: Applications and Expert Systems

Military
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTERS IN OTHER SYSTEMS

Business
type: Class
subclass of: ADMINISTRATIVE DATA PROCESSING

Human factors
type: Class
subclass of: User/Machine Systems

Online computation
type: Class
subclass of: Modes of Computation

Control structures
type: Class
subclass of: Language Constructs and Features

Synchronous interaction
type: Class
subclass of: Group and Organization Interfaces

Threads
type: Class
subclass of: Process Management

Intellectual property
type: Class
subclass of: Electronic Commerce

Logging and recovery
type: Class
subclass of: Database Administration

Data description languages (DDL)
type: Class
subclass of: Languages

Machine translation
type: Class
subclass of: Natural Language Processing

Buses
type: Class
subclass of: Local and Wide-Area Networks

GENERAL
type: Class
subclass of: Mathematics of Computing

Algorithms implemented in hardware
type: Class
subclass of: Types and Design Styles

Servers
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTER SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

Boundary representations
type: Class
subclass of: Computational Geometry and Object Modeling

Special-purpose algebraic systems
type: Class
subclass of: Languages and Systems

Raster display devices
type: Class
subclass of: Hardware Architecture

Question-answering (fact retrieval) systems
type: Class
subclass of: Systems and Software
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Chaotic systems
type: Class
subclass of: Ordinary Differential Equations

Code inspections and walk-throughs
type: Class
subclass of: Testing and Debugging

Protection mechanisms
type: Class
subclass of: General

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: SIMULATION AND MODELING

Assistive technologies for persons with disabilities
type: Class
subclass of: Social Issues

Computer-supported collaborative work
type: Class
subclass of: Organizational Impacts

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: OPERATING SYSTEMS

General
type: Class
subclass of: SIMULATION AND MODELING

Nondeterministic languages
type: Class
subclass of: Language Classifications
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Distributed systems
type: Class
subclass of: Systems and Software

Self-modifying machines (e.g., neural networks)
type: Class
subclass of: Models of Computation

Data encryption standard (DES)
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: DATA ENCRYPTION

Insurance
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1991, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Security and Protection

Graphical environments
type: Class
subclass of: Programming Environments

Graph and tree search strategies
type: Class
subclass of: Problem Solving, Control Methods, and Search

Nonalgebraic algorithms
type: Class
subclass of: Algorithms

Sequential-access memory
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Design Styles

Contiguous representations
type: Class
subclass of: DATA STORAGE REPRESENTATIONS
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Optimization
type: Class
subclass of: Processors

Program translation
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Heterogeneous Databases

Productivity
type: Class
subclass of: Management

Pattern analysis
type: Class
subclass of: Design Methodology

Test generation
type: Class
subclass of: Reliability and Testing
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Data abstraction
type: Class
subclass of: Software Architectures

Difference formulas
type: Class
subclass of: Interpolation
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Model Validation and Analysis
type: Class
subclass of: SIMULATION AND MODELING

Geometrical problems and computations
type: Class
subclass of: Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems

Multimedia databases
type: Class
subclass of: Systems

Hardware description languages
type: Class
subclass of: Design Aids

Global optimization
type: Class
subclass of: Optimization

General
type: Class
subclass of: ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC STRUCTURES

Unconstrained optimization
type: Class
subclass of: Optimization

Array and vector processors
type: Class
subclass of: Multiple Data Stream Architectures (Multiprocessors)

REFERENCE (e.g., dictionaries, encyclopedias, glossaries)
type: Class
subclass of: General Literature

Debuggers
type: Class
subclass of: Processors

Test generation
type: Class
subclass of: Reliability and Testing
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

General
type: Class
subclass of: INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Computer-managed instruction (CMI)
type: Class
subclass of: Computer Uses in Education

Coherence and coordination
type: Class
subclass of: Distributed Artificial Intelligence

Diagnostics
type: Class
subclass of: Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Relativized computation
type: Class
subclass of: Modes of Computation

Organization/structure
type: Class
subclass of: FILES

Intensity, color, photometry, and thresholding
type: Class
subclass of: Vision and Scene Understanding

Copyrights
type: Class
subclass of: Hardware/Software Protection

Workcell organization and planning
type: Class
subclass of: Robotics

General
type: Class
subclass of: DISCRETE MATHEMATICS

Video analysis
type: Class
subclass of: Vision and Scene Understanding

Physics
type: Class
subclass of: PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING

Access methods
type: Class
subclass of: File Systems Management

Software process
type: Class
subclass of: Software Management

Microprocessors and microcomputers
type: Class
subclass of: Types and Design Styles

Placement and routing
type: Class
subclass of: Design Aids

Music
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: ARTS AND HUMANITIES

Workstations
type: Class
subclass of: Microcomputers

Concurrent, distributed, and parallel languages
type: Class
subclass of: Language Classifications

Cognitive simulation
type: Class
subclass of: General

Hypertext/hypermedia
type: Class
subclass of: Document Preparation

Machine-independent complexity
type: Class
subclass of: Complexity Measures and Classes
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Memory control and access
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Design Styles

Medical information systems
type: Class
subclass of: LIFE AND MEDICAL SCIENCES

Elementary function approximation
type: Class
subclass of: Approximation

Multiple-instruction-stream, single-data-stream processors (MISD)
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Single Data Stream Architectures

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC STRUCTURES

Set theory
type: Class
subclass of: Mathematical Logic

Occupations
type: Class
subclass of: THE COMPUTING PROFESSION

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTERS AND SOCIETY

Discrete event
type: Class
subclass of: Types of Simulation

Eigenvalues and eigenvectors (direct and iterative methods)
type: Class
subclass of: Numerical Linear Algebra

Patterns
type: Class
subclass of: Language Constructs and Features

Algebraic algorithms
type: Class
subclass of: Algorithms

Logistics
type: Class
subclass of: Types of Systems

Method of lines
type: Class
subclass of: Partial Differential Equations

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: INPUT/OUTPUT AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS

Routers
type: Class
subclass of: Internetworking

Iterative methods
type: Class
subclass of: Quadrature and Numerical Differentiation

Scanning
type: Class
subclass of: Document Capture

Program and recursion schemes
type: Class
subclass of: Studies of Program Constructs

General
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTER GRAPHICS

Tradeoffs between Complexity Measures
type: Class
subclass of: ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS AND PROBLEM COMPLEXITY

Robust regression
type: Class
subclass of: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

Pseudoinverses
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Numerical Linear Algebra

Sensor fusion
type: Class
subclass of: Scene Analysis

Fredholm equations
type: Class
subclass of: Integral Equations

Parallel I/O
type: Class
subclass of: Interconnections (Subsystems)

Memory design
type: Class
subclass of: Design

Hardware reliability
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance

Minimax approximation and algorithms
type: Class
subclass of: Approximation

Worst-case analysis
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Performance Analysis and Design Aids

Probabilistic algorithms (including Monte Carlo)
type: Class
subclass of: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

Microprogrammed logic arrays
type: Class
subclass of: Control Design Styles
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Application packages
type: Class
subclass of: Graphics Utilities

Representations (general and polynomial)
type: Class
subclass of: Expressions and Their Representation

General
type: Class
subclass of: PATTERN RECOGNITION

Logic Programming
type: Class
subclass of: PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES

Nonlinear programming
type: Class
subclass of: Optimization

Literacy
type: Class
subclass of: Computer and Information Science Education

Token rings
type: Class
subclass of: Local and Wide-Area Networks

Architecture and control structures
type: Class
subclass of: Vision and Scene Understanding
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Certification and testing
type: Class
subclass of: MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE

Regulation
type: Class
subclass of: Governmental Issues

Automatic synthesis
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: Control Structure Performance Analysis and Design Aids

Dictionaries
type: Class
subclass of: Content Analysis and Indexing

Display algorithms
type: Class
subclass of: Picture/Image Generation

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: DOCUMENT AND TEXT PROCESSING

Smartcards
type: Class
subclass of: SPECIAL-PURPOSE AND APPLICATION-BASED SYSTEMS

Languages and compilers
type: Class
subclass of: Microprogram Design Aids

Monitors
type: Class
subclass of: Performance

Manipulators
type: Class
subclass of: Robotics

Associative memories
type: Class
subclass of: Design Styles

Audio input/output
type: Class
subclass of: Multimedia Information Systems

Simulation
type: Class
subclass of: Design Aids

Test generation
type: Class
subclass of: Reliability and Testing
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Edge and feature detection
type: Class
subclass of: Segmentation

Nonmonotonic reasoning and belief revision
type: Class
subclass of: Deduction and Theorem Proving

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL

General systems theory
type: Class
subclass of: Systems and Information Theory

Consumer products
type: Class
subclass of: COMPUTERS IN OTHER SYSTEMS

Information filtering
type: Class
subclass of: Information Search and Retrieval

Windowing systems
type: Class
subclass of: User Interfaces

Patterns (e.g., client/server, pipeline, blackboard)
type: Class
subclass of: Software Architectures

Raytracing
type: Class
subclass of: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism

Sparse, structured, and very large systems (direct and iterative methods)
type: Class
subclass of: Numerical Linear Algebra

Real-time systems and embedded systems
type: Class
subclass of: Organization and Design

Mechanical verification
type: Class
subclass of: Specifying and Verifying and Reasoning about Programs

Training, help, and documentation
type: Class
subclass of: User Interfaces

Computer conferencing, teleconferencing, and videoconferencing
type: Class
subclass of: Communications Applications

Discourse
type: Class
subclass of: Natural Language Processing

Portability
type: Class
subclass of: MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.

Storage hierarchies
type: Class
subclass of: Storage Management

Software quality assurance (SQA)
type: Class
subclass of: Management

Index Generation
type: Class
comment: The classification is no longer used as of January 1998, but the item is still searchable for previously classified documents.
subclass of: DOCUMENT AND TEXT PROCESSING

Finite volume methods
type: Class
subclass of: Partial Differential Equations

Object hierarchies
type: Class
subclass of: Computational Geometry and Object Modeling

Report writers
type: Class
subclass of: Languages

Miscellaneous
type: Class
subclass of: INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Time estimation
type: Class
subclass of: Management

Multiprocessing/multiprogramming/multitasking
type: Class
subclass of: Process Management

Similarity measures
type: Class
subclass of: Clustering

Programming by contract
type: Class
subclass of: Software/Program Verification